Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) are often confused, leading people to miss out on the benefits they’re actually eligible for. Although both programs provide life-changing financial support to people with disabilities, they serve different purposes and have unique rules. If you’re not sure which one applies to you, you’re in the right place!
Understanding what differentiates SSI and SSDI is the first step to getting the support you need to thrive. And this article will break it all down. We’ll cover what each program is, how they compare to one another, how to apply, and what to do if your child is ready to get SSDI under their own name.
What is Supplemental Security Income (SSI)?
Social Security Income (SSI) is a needs-based program that provides monthly payments to people with restricted income and resources who are 65 or older, blind, or disabled. It’s funded by general tax revenue, not Social Security taxes.
SSI benefits are managed through the Social Security Administration (SSA), and payments are typically made to help with basic needs like meals, clothing, and accommodations.
To qualify for SSI, you must:
- Be 65 or older, blind, or disabled
- Have limited income and few financial resources
- Be a U.S. citizen or qualifying non-citizen
- Live in the U.S. (or certain territories)
What is Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)?
On the other hand, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is a federally run program for individuals who have worked and paid into Social Security but can no longer work due to a disabling medical condition. It’s not based on income or resources—eligibility depends on work history.
You may qualify for SSDI if:
- You’ve worked at least 5 of the last 10 years.
- You are blind or have a qualifying disability.
You can learn more about SSDI eligibility here.
Even if you live in Louisiana, SSDI is a federal benefit, so the application process and benefits are consistent across the U.S.
How SSI and SSDI Differ: A Comparison Chart
Category | SSI | SSDI |
Based on | Financial need | Work history and disability status |
Funded by | General taxes | Social Security payroll taxes |
Eligibility | Low income, limited resources, 65 years and older, blind, or living with a disability | Living with a disability and have worked long enough per SSDI requirements |
Health insurance available through | Medicaid | Medicare (after 24 24-month waiting period) |
Payment amount | Fixed, based on federal and state standards | Based on your average lifetime earnings (learn more) |
How to Apply for SSI and SSDI
Ready to secure your benefits? You can apply online, by phone, or in person. Here’s how:
- Online. Visit ssa.gov to start your application for SSDI or SSI. You can apply for either or both on the website. Follow the prompts.
- Over the phone. Call 1-800-772-1213. Representatives are available to help you Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.
- In person. Make an appointment at a Social Security office near you. Use the SSA Office Locator to find the closest location.
Before beginning the application process, make sure you have:
- Your Social Security number
- Your birth certificate
- Your medical records
- Income and asset information (for SSI only)
Note: If you’re trying to get your 18-year-old their own SSDI after you’ve received disability benefits on their behalf, know that at 18, the SSA reevaluates the child’s disability under adult standards—not the child disability rules used before. They’ll send your child’s information to Disability Determination Services (DDS), and they will make a determination. For more information about SSDI eligibility in cases like these, read this SSA resource.
So, there you have it – the information you need to differentiate SSI from SSDI and apply for either program. We hope you found all the information you were looking for, and we wish you the best as you pursue the benefits you’re entitled to.
